Scaffolding erection, dismantleĀ is done when works need to perform over 2 metres from ground level to support workers, materials utilised in house construction, repair, maintenance, demolition work at height.
18 Safety points for scaffolding erection
![Scaffolding|18 erection,dismantle points 2 scaffolding for house construction](https://easyhomebuilds.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/scaffolding-for-house-construction.jpg)
Before scaffolding erection site survey to be performed for any hazards. For example
- Any high tension wires nearby before scaffolding erection,
- Safe access for equipment operation present or not before scaffolding erection.
- Danger zones if any before scaffolding erection.
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The following 18 points need to be kept in mind before and during scaffolding erection:
- From bottom level to top-level and from internal part to external part work scaffolding erectionĀ should be started.
- Safety cordons, Warning signs and other safety measures shall be implemented to ensure safety for the traffic during scaffolding erection.
- The minimum clear height of 2.5 metres should be maintained over pedestrian traffic areas for protecting the traffic from unexpected impact.
- By keeping a clear distance of 2 m from the scaffold structure, barricades should be provided.
- To make sure proper access should be kept for cable tunnels, fire hydrants, fire alarms etc.
- Before scaffolding erection make sure Scaffolds of steel should be of tubular and should comply to IS:2750 when used for work at height.
- For over headworks proper protection above the work platform scaffold should be done not more than 3m.
- For personal movement under the scaffold at the working level, a screen or canopy should be provided with a minimum of 300 mm height projection.
- In storm work or high wind, erection should be avoided.
- Works on ice or snow-covered platform should be avoided.
- To support the load without settlement vertical poles should rest on a strong foundation and soft ground should be well levelled and rammed.
- Fixing of nails or fibre ropes, steel bolts of approved size, couplers, joint pins should be fixed properly.
- To ensure structural stability and to stop bucking, diagonal bracing should be tied.
- For heights, more than 15 metres steel scaffold is preferred instead of a wooden one.
- Scaffold height should not be greater than 4 times its minimum base dimensions unless braces or ties, guy ropes are utilised.
- Scaffolds more than 10 m height should be secured for stability at first utilising the fixed structure and for every 8 m height should be provided.
- Landing platform with standard rails at every 6 m height should be provided.
- For scaffold users, safe access should be provided for work at height.
Use of scaffold for work at height after erection
![Scaffolding|18 erection,dismantle points 3 scaffolding work at height](https://easyhomebuilds.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/scaffolding-work-at-height.jpg)
For house construction or any other work at height, Scaffolds should be used utilised only after duly inspected by a certified engineer.
The following scaffolding safety points should be kept in mind while using for work at height:
- All workers or employees who utilise scaffolds should be trained.
- Should be used only when it is tagged OK.
- Prior to the start of all works, Hazard identification and Risk assessment should be done and proper preventive measures should be implemented during these activities.
- All users should utilise the following PPE’s like a full-body harness with twin lanyard of 1.8 m, snap hook, ISI or CE marked helmet with chin straps, Safety shoes, safety goggles, cotton hand gloves etc.
- While climbing user should not carry any material in hand.
- To prevent falling of tools, other materials proper protection should be implemented by utilising scaffolding safety nets below the working area, by tying the tools with rope etc.
- While climbing a vertical ladder above 6 m height, the user should utilise the vertical fall arrest system. In the absence of this vertical fall arrest system, the user shall ensure that three-point contact is maintained all the time by anchoring lanyard hook one after another.
- End frames and cross bracing should not be used for access.
- Beyond the working load limit, the scaffold should not be loaded.
- Even if handrail,mid-rail is provided, the user shall ensure anchoring harness.
- Always user should face the ladder when descending or ascending and should not slide down a ladder.
- Before climbing make sure that the shoes are not muddy, greasy, slippery.
- Users are not allowed to modify the scaffold position or remove any of its components.
- While using electrical tools, machinery user should ensure that scaffold grounding is done.
- No heavy or hazard material like gas cylinders, welding machines etc should not be kept on the scaffold until or unless it is designed to take that load.
![Scaffolding|18 erection,dismantle points 4 scaffolding safety net](https://easyhomebuilds.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/scaffolding-safety-net.jpg)
Scaffold Hazards
The following are hazards :
- Falling objects
- Scaffold collapse
- Electrocution
- Falls
The following are the possible reasons for hazards:
- Inadequately supported scaffold boards
- Faulty or unsuitable usage of the construction material.
- Usage of wrong or damaged couplers.
- The lack of toe boards or guard rails.
- Scaffold overloading.
- Scaffolding erection on uneven ground.
- Slippage due to usage of unsecured ladders.
- Improper usage of platform thickness and width.
- No proper bracing the scaffold to the structure.
Inspection of scaffold
Proper inspection to be done before the usage of the scaffold. The initial inspection should be done after 7 days and after every damage.
The following are the few scaffolding safety checks during the inspection for work at height:
- Check for alignment and level of members is proper or not.
- Check for couplers are tightened properly or not.
- Check for all planks are placed properly or not.
- Check mid-rails, handrails, toe boards are fixed properly or not.
- Check for adequate lighting is present or not.
- Check for weather the scaffold is overloaded with materials or tools or debris.
- Check for safe access is present or not.
- Check for safety tag for the scaffold is filled properly or not.
- Check for if there are any defects in scaffolds like crack, bends, corrosion etc.
Scaffolding safety in Dismantle
![Scaffolding|18 erection,dismantle points 5 scaffolding dismantling](https://easyhomebuilds.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/scaffolding-dismantling.jpg)
Before dismantling, Hazard identification and risk assessment should be performed.
The following scaffolding safety points should be kept in mind before and during dismantling and for work at height.
- Dismantling work should be allowed with sufficient time and to be handled safely.
- Before dismantling scaffold should be inspected for stability and strength. The components which endanger the stability of the remaining structure should not be removed.
- Materials stacked and all the debris on the scaffold should be eliminated.
- Proper barricading should be done at ground level using barricading tapes, warning signages should be displaced for preventing from preventing persons from entering the work area.
- In reverse order to erection i.e from top to bottom, dismantling should be performed.
- Bracing should be removed first followed by removing all the horizontal members in a single plane.
- After reaching the second last level, bracing of 3 m from ground level shall be installed before dismantling horizontal members at the second level.
- Only in the presence of experienced or competent persons dismantling work should be performed.
- Materials should not be thrown from heights bit should be lowered down using ropes.
- After completion of work, all materials should be stocked in dry protected places and proper stacking to be done using trays or boxes, racks at ground level.
- The damaged parts would be repaired or replaced, cleaned and treated with paint or preservatives.
- Proper lubrication should be done for couplers, other components.
Conclusion:
Scaffolding safety should be considered before, during erection and during, after dismantling for house construction works, other work at height and all the above-mentioned points should be kept in mind while doing the same.
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